A Clearing Bio-feedback Meter is an electronic instrument used for exploring mental phenomena. It is based on the fact that skin resistance is affected by one's mental and emotional state.
The CB-Meter is known by several different names and can be found in a number of different incarnations. It might be called a Galvanic Skin Response Meter, a Psychogalvanometer, or an Electropsychometer. These instruments might have different features and different degrees of sensitivity, but essentially address the same phenomena.
A CB-Meter is a very sensitive resistance gauge with certain unique features. It is calibrated to the resistance range of the human body and it is made to register vary minute variations in resistance.
The primary use of the CB-Meter is for locating areas of mental stress and monitoring the progress in resolving them.
The CB-Meter isn't doing anything to the person holding the electrodes. The current passed through the body is negligible and has neither positive or negative effects in itself. The sole purpose of the meter is to allow a qualified operator to monitor the mental state of the client. The practitioner using the meter can use the information to guide the person to areas of the mind that need some inspection.
The meter is just a tool, albeit a very useful one. It doesn't do any kind of clearing in itself. It doesn't diagnose anything in itself either. Working with the meter a practitioner and his client can more effectively locate areas of concern and work on resolving them. A meter can also be used alone by one individual to help himself improve his state of mind.
The meter reacts when areas of mental stress are brought up. It gives an indication of how well one is doing on resolving issues, and it shows improvements in one's relation to the issue.
Meters are used in Clearing in connection with processes that guide an individual to discover more about himself. There are more specialized uses for various types of clearing. A meter can be used as a study aid in locating areas of uncertainty and in monitoring one's clarity concerning the study materials.
There are many other things to learn about Clearing. The meter and its use is only a fraction of what there is to know about the subject. The basics of Clearing are taught in other courses than this.
In a few words, Clearing is guided, non-judgmental mental discovery. A Clearing Practitioner learns how to direct a person to find out more about himself without introducing any evaluation or judgment concerning what the person finds.
The working of the meter is similar to one of the methods of measurement used in a polygraph, a lie detector.
However, it isn't ideal for measuring truth and falseness, in that these are very relative issues. It shows mental
stress in an area, there is really no evaluation of good/bad, truth/lie. The truth that the meter can register
is what is true, relatively, for the client. If he considers stealing bad and he has stolen something, then it
would register on the meter if we asked about it. But, if he couldn't care less, then it wouldn't show anything.
Today the CB-Meter is one of the simplest and most effective tools of modem psychological research, but historically it was also one of the first. Its development and use has grown from its first beginnings in 1888, when Tarchinoff discovered the phenomenon of skin resistance. He found that a person's resistance to the passage of a tiny electric current through hand held electrodes would vary according to the subject's emotional state. The simple psychogalvonometer he invented to investigate this phenomenon was one of the earliest tools of psychological research.
One of its earliest applications was in the work of Wilhelm Wundt in his Leipzig laboratory in the late 1890's, where he used an early form of CB-Meter to measure body electricity, as part of his line of research known as psychophysics.
The modern CB-Meter, or Clearing Biofeedback Meter, is a specialized form of biofeedback device: an electronic instrument designed to measure mental state and changes of mental state accurately and quickly. It is a modified version of what is known to psychologists as the psychogalvonometer, which measures the relative magnitude of the electrodermal orienting response, that is, the changes of skin resistance that occur when external stimuli are applied to a subject.
A basic axiom of psychoanalysis as originated by Freud is that we are restricted from realizing more than a fraction of our full potential, because of the repressed negative content of the unconscious mind: negative fears, resentments, motivations and dislikes. Although much of this unconscious content may have been correct at the time it was formed, this content is often no longer valid from the viewpoint of an adult. When the content is made conscious and confronted by the adult mind, it dissolves and loses its power to restrain thought and action, and there is release of positive creative energy.
The CB-Meter is one of the most effective diagnostic tools in locating this negative content: a real time saver. The Therapist does not have to spend years of blind probing to find out the root of a problem. With the CB-Meter he can tune into and identify any negative energy, then discharge it.
The first reference to the use of this instrument in Psychoanalytic research is in the book by Carl Gustav Jung, Studies in Word Analysis, published in 1906. Here the Swiss Psychologist describes a technique of connecting the subject, via hand electrodes, to an instrument measuring changes in the resistance of the skin, while words are read to him from a prepared list. If a word on this list was emotionally charged, there was change in body resistance, causing a deflection of the needle of the galvanometer. Thus Jung worked on locating and discharging negative unconscious material.
This method of research, that Jung had been using at least since the early 1900's, was again referred to in a basic psychology text of 1926 entitled Experimental Psychology by Mary Collins and James Dreaver, lecturers in psychology at the University of Edinburgh. Also at this time other early psychologist were researching the electrical characteristics of emotion and thought. Semon in his book The Mneme, circa 1915, defines an Engram as the permanent change produced within an organism from a stimulus, where a trace of the experience of that stimulus is "written on" the organization and forms part of memory. When the stimulus is repeated, the energy which it sets free flows through this new engram with the result that it takes a more or less different path, and consequently leads to a more or less different form of reaction. Knowledge of these findings was widespread in the 1920's: they are referred to again in a classroom text called The Psychology of the Thinker by l.B. Saxby, Lecturer in Education at the University College, Cardiff.
However, the early Psychogalvonometer was not at all simple to use, because it had no amplification, and it remained as a specialized laboratory instrument only, until the development of more sophisticated amplifiers in the 1930's. Its use in specialized laboratory research in the fields of medicine and psychiatry continues to the present day. Electrodermal response is used in many areas of psychology and psychiatry, for example in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia, as evinced by A.S. Bemstein's paper entitled "The Galvanic Skin Response Orienting Reflex in Chronic Schizophrenics" (Psychonomic Science l) and further publication of his research on electrodermal orienting and habituation in the treatment of schizophrenia done at Charing Cross Hospital Medical School was published in Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Since the time of Jung and the other early researchers, a number of other biofeedback instruments have been invented, including the ElectroEncephalograph or EEG, which is used by a wide range of therapists and psychologists. For example, Janov used the EEG to evaluate the effectiveness of cathartic therapy, and, at the other end of the spectrum, osteopaths have used a modified form of skin resistance meter for diagnostic purposes.
As most early research in skin resistance phenomena was done in Germany, the war curtailed further development in these areas, apart from some work in America on Lie-Detectors. So it was not until the late 1940's that some applications of an independent American researcher, Volney Mathieson, working with the Polygraph Lie-detector as used in Courts of Law, kindled a renewed interest in the earlier German work of Jung and others.
Now advances could be made in the technology of Psychotherapy using the earlier discoveries that all fears, feelings and resentments - in fact, all thought and emotion - were electrical in nature. When a person was reminded of certain past events, or when a change of mood was induced in him/her, the needle in the detector would jump erratically; the degree of jump was in proportion to the strength of the unconscious reaction. In skilled hands the Meter could be used to locate a particular content, the nature of that content, the location of that content in space and time, and the amount of force contained within it.
This work led to the development of the modem type of CB-Meter: a type that has survived, with very little modification, until the present day. Specifically, this was a meter designed to simply and clearly register the mental and emotional response of a person to a word, question or situation, rather than as a lie-detector. The CB-Meter is several times as sensitive as the lie-detector and is able to indicate the intensity of response.
Volney Mathieson presented these ideas to Ron Hubbard, the inventor of Dianetics, in 1952. A version of the meter known as the E-Meter (Electro-psychoMeter) was later put into widespread use in Scientology and Dianetics, in conjunction with procedures which are essentially and recognizably Jungian.
In many modern types of Clearing the practitioner would use Jung's method of presenting a list of words in conjunction with the Meter. He would ask the subject under analysis to take hold of the meter electrodes, then he would read this list of words to him. Without fail, some of these words would trigger a response on the meter, sometimes violently. When this happened, the therapist would know that these words were associated with violent and negative fear or resentment, that had its origin in various unconscious thought complexes in the subject's mind. Usually the subject was quite unaware that he was reacting on the meter in this way.
The therapist would record all words that produced erratic meter readings, then have the person talk about them. As the subject discussed his associations with a "charged" word, the meter would gradually become less erratic and settle down to a normal reading.
Once the locked-up energy has been discharged, the meter no longer responds to the word or concept under discussion. The complex or block had discharged, rather like discharging a car battery.
(Adapted from an article by Gregory Mitchell, © Dianasis Data Network)
These are the key parts of the meter:
• Needle:The needle is where minute changes in resistance are measured. We use it to select subjects to look at. It can also give indications of the current state of the client.
• Needle dial:The needle dial is a reference point for the needle. It gives an indication of sizes of reads. The small divisions on the dial are 1/8 inch and the large ones are 1/4 inch. The 'set' area is the ideal starting point, we would like the needle to be around there before we check a question. The 'fall' indicator shows the approximate size of a fall measured from 'set'. 'Test' is used to check the state of the battery: if the needle goes all the way to the right and stays there when we put the on/off/test button on 'test' then the battery is ok.
• Range knob:The range knob is used to set the overall resistance range of the meter. It is adjusted continuously during a session whenever the needle is dropping off the needle dial. The range knob is moved until the needle is back at 'set'.
• Range scale:The range scale has indications between 0.5 and 6.5. Below 2.0 is called 'low range', between 2.0 and 3.5 is called 'in-range', and above 3.5 is called 'high range'. The scale position is usually read with one decimal and noted whenever it changes in a session.
• On/off/test knob:The knob is on 'off' when the meter is not in use. That saves the battery. During a session it is left at 'on'. 'Test' is used momentarily at the beginning of a session to check the battery charge. The needle will slam over to the right pin if the battery is sufficiently charged.
• Sensitivity knob:The sensitivity knob is set at the beginning of a session to the correct setting for that client. The starting point for checking it would be 5. The knob would be set so that a gentle squeeze produces a 1/3 of the dial needle drop.
• Electrode plug:The cans are plugged in here whenever the meter is in use.
• Electrode leads:The leads connect the meter with the cans.
• Cans:The cans are the electrodes that the client is holding in his hands. They are intended to provide the best possible skin contact.
Resistance is an electrical property. It is basically the reluctance of a piece of material to let current flow through it. Some materials, such as iron or copper, have an inherent low resistance, and some, such as wood or stone, have a very high resistance.
A good analogy for electrical current would be water flowing through a pipe. The more narrow the pipe is the higher the resistance would be. It would require more effort to push the water through a narrow pipe. If the pipe is very wide the resistance is low and it doesn't take much work to get the water through.
Resistance is measured in ohms.
A typical dead human body has a resistance of 5000 ohms if it is female and 12,500 ohms if it is male. That corresponds to 2 and 3 respectively on our meter range scale. Now, when the body is live and inhabited by a being the resistance varies greatly. It depends on the metal state of the being, and it might be found in a range between about 500 ohms and 1,000,000 ohms.
The resistance that is interesting for clearing purposes is the one we can measure when the electrodes are connected with good contact, and held still. The resistance range will also vary when the person moves around, lets go of the cans, shorts them, and so forth. However, that has no relevance for our purposes - we would like him not to do that so that we can see what is going on.
When we operate the meter we don't really care about ohms. It is not necessary either to keep track of any electrical
formulas. We use the range scale that is customized for our purposes and otherwise we are mainly after specific
patterns of needle movement.
The main characteristics of a useful CB-Meter design are:
• Measuring resistance in a range appropriate for a human body: about 500 ohms to 1,000,000 ohms.
• Being very sensitive: showing even minute variations clearly.
• Responding quickly down to 1/10 - 1/100 second variations.
• Filtering out noise and other unwanted information.
• Possibility of adjusting the sensitivity within a wide range.
• Possibility of adjusting the resistance range easily.
• An instrument that shows minute changes in a clear way.
These features can be implemented in different ways.
The most common design measures resistance by a circuit known as the Wheatstone's Bridge. It is a simple electronic circuit that measures differences in resistance very minutely. It looks like this:
The principle in short is that the battery sends current through two different paths. The first path is through Resistor 1 and the range potentiometer. The second path is through Resistor 2 and the body of the person holding the cans.
Resistor 1 and Resistor 2 are the same size. If the Range Potentiometer is set at the exact same resistance as the body of the can holder then we have the same situation in both paths. The two paths will split the current evenly between them. There will also be the exact same voltage at point A as at point B. Because both have the same voltage, no current would go between A and B. Simplifying a little bit, that would mean that the instrument would be right in the middle and not move. However if the resistance between the cans change, then the voltage at B will change and the needle in the instrument will move.
This is a very sensitive way of measuring resistance. It doesn't take much change in the resistance between the cans to change the voltage at B enough to move the needle. If it changes so much that the needle goes off the scale, then we adjust the range on the corresponding potentiometer.
There are more elements to a modern meter that handle sensitivity, filter out noise and other things. Also,
the basic circuit can be implemented totally different from what is shown here. The main thing is that resistance
is being measured in a flexible and sensitive way.
The lay-out and operation of meters vary from design to design. There are differences in features, placement, and procedure for set-up and operation.
Most meter have a range knob. On some meters it is called a 'Tone Arm' (TA). There are also meters that don't have any. They either adjust the range completely automatically or they let you push a button when you want it adjusted. The completely automatic version is not particularly recommended, it is likely to interrupt reads. The semi-automatic is a very useful feature.
Many meters have a counter for the range action. It counts the downward motion during a session. It can be zeroed before one starts and can be read during and after the session. The counter can be either mechanical or on newer models usually electronic with a digital display.
Some meters have a 'Trim' knob that is intended to calibrate the meter. Before use one will put the range on 2.0, leave the electrode plug out, and adjust the 'trim' knob until the needle is exactly on 'set' on the dial. This ensures that numbers on the range scale are correct. More advanced meters don't need the trim knob, they calibrate the setting automatically.
The sensitivity knob might have a slightly different scale on different meters. Also, the numbers don't necessarily correspond with each other between different meters.
Some meters have a 'sensitivity booster' button that doubles or quadruples the sensitivity. That is very rarely necessary.
Some meters have a 'booster' that boosts the action of the needle so that reads are amplified without otherwise affecting the sensitivity.
These are the most common meters at this point:
• Alphametrics Clearing Bio-feedback Meter:This is the meter that this course concentrates on. It is made in Australia and is a precise and high quality meter. Its main lack is probably a range action counter.
• Ability Meter: These meters which are manufactured in England are probably the best ones around. They are available in several versions: with or without range counter, and a new version with automatic or semi-automatic range adjustment.
• Hubbard Electrometer (E-Meter):These meters are made by the Scientology organization. They are less precise than the other meters, but they are more readily available. They are available in different versions, the most common are Mark V, VI, and VII. Later models look more futuristic, but aren't necessarily better.
There are other types of meters in research and development. One interesting approach is to use a computer to
display the information on a monitor screen. It can show needle and range movement over time for possible new uses.
The Meter is a type of bio-feedback device.
Bio-feedback is the use of an instrument to monitor a person's state through the body with the idea of improving it.
There are many different types of bio-feedback devices. One can measure temperature, resistance, blood pressure, brain waves, and other things. There would usually be some sort of probe or electrode attached to the body that is connected into some electronic instrument.
A common use of bio-feedback is to let the client himself monitor the readings on the instrument and to encourage him to change what he sees. It is found that one can actually change one's blood pressure, skin temperature, resistance, or brain wave frequencies by doing that. The client would concentrate on the reading and try to affect in what is regarded as a positive direction. Experiments show that one can actually change what would otherwise be regarded as involuntary functions of the body that way. This can be very useful for accomplishing relaxation and elimination of stress.
For clearing purposes we use the meter somewhat differently. We don't show the client the readings. The practitioner is monitoring the meter. He takes decisions based on what he sees and he gives the client directions depending on the status of the meter readings as well as other factors. We are not trying to simply increase or decrease the resistance reading. We work with a whole set of different types of readings and reactions with different meanings and uses.
As with any other bio-feedback device, the meter doesn't actually do anything. We use it to get the client to
change by himself. It is a tool to monitor and encourage change.
What we are really measuring with the meter is mental mass. The variations of the meter readings would be difficult to explain from a purely physiological standpoint. There is an additional something that is entered into the circuit. That additional something varies according to the person's mental state, and we can build it up and remove it by addressing subjects mentally. The extra stuff that is connected in we call mental mass.
Where exactly mental mass is stored is not relevant for our purposes. It might be in the cells or it might be in the electrical field around the body. What we are concerned about here is what we can do for a person by addressing it.
If you feel heavy and burdened by problems and worries, you have a lot of mental mass around you. When you full of energy and joy and no worries at all, you have very little mental mass around you.
Experiments have shown that one can actually weigh mental mass. Physically the mass is very negligible, but it can be measured. A person with a lot of stuff restimulated will be found to be a tiny bit lighter when he has released it.
Mental mass can be potential or restimulated. The mind has a lot of potential mental mass that isn't currently activated - that is the potential mass. Under the right conditions these potentials become restimulated and charged up with energy.
Life might restimulate mental mass. One might find oneself heavy and restimulated because of events one runs into in life.
In clearing we restimualate mental mass with the purpose of clearing it. We find a potential that is available and we work some mental mass into it. That makes it easier to work with, more tangible. Gradually we resolve the mental mass and we clear the area. We have then not only resolved some existing mental mass, we have removed a potential for mental mass.
We commonly use the word charge as meaning roughly the same as mental mass. It is an area of resistance in the mind. It has an electrical potential.
Mental mass can be regarded as consisting of pictures.
Pictures is being used as a term covering internal representations of external circumstances. That is, something happened in the physical universe and for some reason or other you took a mental picture of it and you kept it. Based on the content of the mental picture it might become an active part of your mind, running partly on automatic, causing unwanted reactions.
Going through life one sub-consciously takes pictures of everything that happens. Everything that you ever experienced is recorded and can be brought back and looked at.
The pictures that can cause you trouble, and that are the object of clearing, are the ones that have un-processed information in them.
In traumatic incidents one experiences too much unpleasant action in too little time. One doesn't get a chance to process and evaluate all parts of the experience. That stores up an overload with the picture that is being recorded. When the picture is located in clearing and we process the overload information the aberrative effects of the picture are eliminated and it takes its rightful place as just another experience.
When we say "picture" we are not just talking about visual information. It is all the possible perceptions
that are being recorded: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, emotion, and many more. In traumatic incidents also
pain and unconsciousness is being recorded.
A simple demonstration of the existence of mental mass is the so-called pinch test.
Put the prospective client on the meter and place it so that he can see the needle. Ask him for permission to pinch his arm. Proceed to do so so that it hurts, but without damaging him unduly. Notice that the needle falls and indicate it to the client.
Now ask him to recall the time when you pinched him. You will see that the needle again falls at the exact time when he recalls the pinch. Repeat that several times and make sure that he notices it reads on his recall of the pinch.
Notice also that the reaction gets smaller the more times he recalls it. Eventually there won't be any reaction left.
This is an excellent illustration of what we would do with the meter. We locate an area of charge. For demonstration purposes we created it ourselves by recording some pain, but otherwise we would look for something that is already there. The charge will produce a read. As we go over the charge again and again the charge will gradually be cleared until it no longer reacts.
The read shows that there is something there that needs to be looked at. As we look at it we electrically discharge the content of the area we are looking at. The elimination of the read usually corresponds with feeling of having cleared what is there.
A pinch test if often used with new clients to give them reality on what the meter does. It is one of the few times when we will show them the meter. From then on we are more interested in keeping it out of their sight so as to not distract them.
Some people would be offended by being pinched. In that case there are other possible demonstrations that could be done. We can ask them to think of a time when they were upset or angry at somebody and then show them that it reads repeatedly when they think of it.
Most people are quite surprised and impressed by seeing that the meter reacts on their thought.
The sensitivity setting on the meter determines the magnitude of reactions of the needle. The higher the sensitivity the bigger a given reaction will seem. The lower the sensitivity the smaller the reaction will seem.
A high sensitivity would pick up very minute changes in resistance. A low sensitivity would pick up only larger changes in resistance.
The ideal sensitivity setting is the one that shows us clearly what is useful, and hides immaterial details.
If the sensitivity is set too low there would hardly by anything happening to the needle. It would be very still and any reactions would be very small and we couldn't really see any characteristic pattern or detail in them. The needle wouldn't tell us much.
If the sensitivity is set too high the needle would be too lively. It would move around rapidly and would be very hard to keep on the scale. It would show a lot of reactions, so many that it would be difficult to know what is important and what isn't.
Both a too low and a too high sensitivity gives a needle that is difficult to read. We would like to have it set just right.
The best way of getting a correct sensitivity is the can squeeze method. We ask the client, while holding the cans correctly, slowly and gradually to increase his grip until he feels some resistance. and then slowly let the grip return to normal. The needle will fall to the right. If it falls about 1/3 of the whole dial, then the sensitivity is correct.
We would start with the sensitivity at 5 and ask the client to squeeze the cans as described. If the read is less than 1/3 we would increase the sensitivity and try again. If it is more than 1/3 we would decrease the sensitivity and try again. We would repeat this until we get a 1/3 of a dial drop.
The can squeeze is actually a measure of the client's willingness to deal with his environment. A lower sensitivity setting means the guy is more in tune with the current environment. We don't put a great significance in that. However, generally the sensitivity setting would gradually decrease as a person did clearing and got into better shape.
The can squeeze is no test of strength. One shouldn't squeeze as hard as one can. Just a gentle and gradual squeeze until you can see the soft part of the fingers starting to turn a little white.
It is very important to get the client to make a correct can squeeze. Don't assume that he already knows how. Done correctly this is an excellent way of ensuring the correct sensitivity setting. Done incorrectly it will cheat both you and the client of results you could have gotten by seeing what goes on.
One would instruct the client in correct can squeezes very early on. If in doubt about what he does, one can have him demonstrate his squeeze on your arm.
The sensitivity is usually set at the beginning of a session and left unmoved during the session. It might vary from session to session depending on the state of the client.
Sometimes one will notice during a session that the sensitivity is wrong, too high or too low. One would then
adjust the sensitivity quietly and note it in the worksheets. One might want to check if the client's can squeeze
is correct the next time.
There are a number of different things the needle can do that tell us something about what is going on with the person holding the cans. Different types of needle behavior mean different things.
First of all, there are two different contexts for needle behavior:
1. What the needle is inherently doing without any probing.
2. What the needle is doing as a reaction to a question or thought.
The needle behavior in the first context tells us something about the general mental state of the client. It can tell us if he is ready to do some clearing actions. Or if we are already doing a clearing action it tells us something about how well we are doing and if we seem to be done.
Needle behavior as a response to a question or thought is called a reaction. If it is the reaction we are looking for we call it a read. The type of reaction or read tells us something about that question or thought. It might indicate if we should look further into the subject being brought up .
These are the main types of inherent needle actions:
1. Stuck
2. Clean
3. Floating
4. Dirty
5. Falling
6. Rising
7. Theta bop
8. Rock slam
9. Detached
These are the actions expected as a reaction:
1. Nul
2. Fall
3. Rise
4. Stop
5. Tick
6. Instant float
7. Pattern change
A stuck needle is when the needle doesn't move, it stays in the exact same place. It doesn't change in any way, very stiff. A stuck needle, if it is temporary, indicates that the person has his attention stuck on something, his focus is very fixed. If it is permanent it shows the person to be in a bad condition, very stuck mentally.
A clean needle is when the needle moves idly around without doing anything in particularly. It is not particularly free, but it has no jerky motion. It shows that the person is ready to focus on something we might bring up. If we ask a charged question we would probably get a reaction.
A floating needle is a good indicator. The needle is free, moving slowly and rhythmically back and forth in an unaffected manner. It shows that the person is comfortable and currently not focused on any negative mental material. This action occurs when an area has been resolved and the client would be satisfied with its correct status. It could also occur contacting pleasurable moments of the past.
A dirty needle is a jerky, uneasy moving about of the needle. It indicates that something is currently not cool with the clients. There is something he isn't saying, or something he is uncomfortable about. It would not be appropriate to start something new at that point. One would need to locate what causes the uneasyness and clear it up, so that the needle is clean again. A dirty needle might develop into various other types of reads when pursued.
A falling needle is moving to the right on the dial. It might be a moment of a clean or floating needle, or if it keeps falling it indicates that the person is releasing some mental strain currently. Something is being discharged if the needle is falling drastically.
A continuous rising needle shows that the person is building up mental mass. That can be when a person is sitting and reading study materials, or when he is looking into a new area. If the needle keeps rising during a clearing action it shows that the client is not clearing the area. He is either protesting, or we are running the wrong area. The person is not quite dealing with what is there.
A theta bop is a quick, steady dance back and forth of the needle. It goes 5-10 times per second, very evenly, over 1/8 to 1/2 inch. Up, down, up, down, always same distance, same speed. It indicates the attempt of the being of leaving a body or a position. The being is vibrating in and out. That is connected with leaving, death, not wanting to be there. It might occur when a death incident is brought up. It might also occur if the client wants to get out of here, wants to leave the session. Theta bops usually are shortlived.
A rock slam is a wild, irregular slashing back and forth of the needle. It might be from one inch to the whole dial. It is frantically going all over, very unevenly and crazy. It indicates a very hot subject, we have crossed a basic goal of the client's. The person is frantically opposing someone or something. It is rare, but important to note or handle when it appears.
A detached needle goes back and forth very evenly and robotically over one to two inches every second or so. It falls, goes up, sticks, falls, goes up, sticks, and it keeps doing it no matter what you say or do. It is very regular and even, always same distance and pattern. It is a very bad indicator, it is below even a stuck needle. It shows that the person is unable to confront his mental mass and is forcefully detached from it. Clearing won't be possible unless it is changed.
A nul needle is no reaction to the question. The needle just keeps doing whatever it was doing before. The question apparently wasn't charged.
A fall is a movement to the right. It is the most useful reaction of the needle in that it shows that we've got some material to look at. It is the primary reaction we are looking for, so usually when we say that something gave a read we implicitly mean a fall. A fall shows that there is some mental charge on the subject being brought up. The longer the fall, the more charge is available and the more promising the item is.
We divide falls into different sizes:
sF = small fall = 1/4 to 3/4 inch.
F = fall = 3/4 to 1 3/4 inch.
LF = long fall = over 1 3/4 inch.
LFBD = long fall blowdown = a long fall that stays over the the right so we would usually have to adjust the range.
Falls can have different characteristics:
Speeded fall: going faster the more it falls.
Slowed fall: starting fast but slowing down.
Rocket read: having a lot of force. Starting fast and ending fast.
A rise is a movement to the left. If resulting from a question or thought it shows that there is some non-confront or un-reality on the subject, or that something has continued for too long. It is only looked for as a read in certain special purpose clearing actions. It could be graded in size like a fall, as sR, R, and LR.
A stop is a brief halt in the current inherent movement of the needle. The question just makes the needle stop for a moment before it continues on. It is a reaction and could produce a proper read and more material if it was further investigated.
A tick is a jerk of the needle. It is not really a read but it indicates that there is something there. It might develop into a fall if pursued. Sometimes one can follow a certain pattern of ticks while investigating an area. A tick is not a very small fall, it is a sudden jerk.
An instant floating needle is a brief float that starts precisely when a question is asked. It shows that some mass was touched and then went out of sight. That is sometimes exactly what we want and is a good indicator. At other times we want to resolve it fully so we would pull it back. In that case it takes precedent over falls.
A pattern change of the needle is any other instant change in the characteristics of the movement as the result of a question. The needle might have moved slowly and then suddenly moving more quickly. Or it might have been clean and then suddenly dirty after the question.
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