The next area I'd like to go over is The Anatomy of Confusion.

Confusion is characterized by uncertainty, stupidity and insecurity. In this universe, confusion is random motion. A confusion is only a confusion as long as all the particles are in motion. A confusion is only a confusion so long as no factor is clearly defined and understood. By knowing the anatomy of confusions, one can decrease them, that is, become more intelligent. Education fails because of confusions. Behind every failure, there is a confusion that wasn't stood up to and taken apart.

In order to lower the confusion in the random motion of particles, one should select one particle from which to locate the motion of the other particles. A confusing motion can be understood by conceiving one thing to be motionless. If there are 10 phones ringing, pick one up and answer it. By selecting one datum, one factor, one particle in a confusion, the confusion continues but the thing selected becomes a stable datum for the remainder.

All confusions, no matter how big, are composed of data, factors, or particles. They do have pieces. Grasping one piece lowers the confusion level. Grasp one piece and locate it thoroughly. See how the other pieces function in relation to it until the confusion is solved in its entirety. The piece that you grasp becomes a certainty that is predict relation to it until the confusion is solved in its entirety. The piece that you grasp becomes a certainty that is predictable; the remainder is unpredictable, uncertain. The ordering of confusions is a process of picking one element of it and making that a predictable, stable thing that you know about and using this element of stability to stabilize the remaining random elements. The remaining elements are stabilized by observing their relationship to the first stable point.

Certainty could be defined as a lack of confusion.

Intelligence is the ability to handle a confusion.

Security is attained by bringing order to a confusion.

Instead of ordering confusions, some people depend on -luck, uncontrolled chance. Depending on luck is abandoning control, that's Apathy.

Because of the great quantity of uncertain, stupid control that is extant in society, some people are inclined to think that control is a bad thing. Control is not a bad thing. People that say that control is bad are saying that industrial, aeroplane and automobile accidents are good. Control is necessary if one is to bring order to confusions.

Good control is positive, certain, predictable; bad control is an attempt, but it is not really control - it is uncertain, unpredictable. One either controls things or one does not. One must be able to control things, his body, his mind, his thoughts to some degree in order to accomplish anything.

A confusion is an uncontrolled randomness. People who exert some control of that randomness handle confusions, instead of confusions handling them. People who do not exert control over confusions breed more confusions.

When one becomes master of confusions, ones attention is freed for constructive activity. When one is surrounded by confusions and does not handle them, he will develop a destructive attitude in living because of his desire to destroy the confusions around him.

Now I would like to discuss Stopping a Confusion.

Confusion is held ineffective with an ordering datum, that is, a Stable Datum. Examples are the dictionary, gravity, -me Tarzan, you Jane, and the rising and setting of the sun. One handles the confusion of standing in the rain with the stable datum of opening an umbrella, or of going inside, or with holding a newspaper over ones head, etc. There are many stable data. A stable datum is that which stops a confusion and solves a confusion.

Example:

After an argument with his mother-in-law, a man is confused and stops his confusion with a stable datum, the decision that "mother's-in-law are evil". This, whether right or wrong, orders the confusion. When the man gets into trouble and a woman helps him out, then the original confusion returns to him because the stable datum has been shown to be invalid.

Example:

After studying the data in universities for 10 years about the various problems of existence and the world and solving this confusion with the stable datum of "Nothing can be done about these things but study them and speculate", an educated person meets someone who is capable of understanding and action and he demonstrates that something can be done, thus the first man's stable datum that resolved his confusion is now shaken and he will feel confused by that person.

Seeing the falsity of a stable datum that was used in the past brings the confusion of the past up to present time.

One can have many friends by accepting and acknowledging their stable data; you lose friends by devaluating and not accepting their stable data; you lose friends by devaluating and not accepting their stable data. You can confuse and literally kill people by invalidating their major stable data - it will bring their big confusions up to present time upon them. The most decent, ethical thing one can do when people offer their stable data is to simply acknowledge them.

Stable data aren't necessarily true - they are simply adopted. When an old stable datum can be seen to be untrue and the old confusion comes up to the present, a new stable datum must be adopted, or the old stable datum will be put back in place.

Some stable data are more effective than others. Scientology technology itself is a somewhat effective stable datum for solving confusions about life.

I'd like to now take up Control.

An executive controls more than a workman; a wealthy man controls more than a poor man.

People who say that control is bad are saying that accidents are good.

People who try to control, don't control; attempted control is not control. One controls or one does not.

There is no such thing as bad control; one doesn't control but simply tries and then labels this "bad control".

The anatomy of control is Start, Change, and Stop. One must be able to do all three of these to control.

Life consists of Cycles of Action (Start, Change, Stop).

The apparent cycle of action for the Physical Universe is Create-Survive Destroy.

People in good condition do not resent good, positive control and can administer good, positive control to people and objects. People in poor condition resent casual directions, and are not able to handle people and objects. So, these people are inefficient and do have difficulty in life.

If you don't control a car, you will end up in a ditch. The ability to Start, Change and Stop ones body, ones activities and one environment - this is their ability to control.

If you don't control a machine, like getting angry, it controls you. Control over ones Reactive Mind would stop it from controlling you.

The ability to make stable data is the ability to stop; the ability to control is the ability to order confusion.

Incompetence and inefficiency are both the inability to start, change and stop things.

Some people are stuck in starting things. They do little, make lots of plans and talk enthusiastically about big schemes.

Some people are stuck in change. They must keep everything going. They do not like new ideas or new machinery.

Some people are stuck on stop and will try to stop everything.

Artists start things, which leads to a creative society.

Business people change things which leads to an enduring society.

Military and policemen stop things which leads to a destructive society.

The inability to control which results in confusion and insanity is contagious.

To be happy, one must be able to control his environment which includes the inability's of others.

Control is not the answer to everything. One needs barriers to have a game and to be happy.

One must not let his area of control extend beyond his own life too far; we must tend to our own house before tending others.

The willingness not to control is as important as control itself.

The next thing I'd like to discuss is Self-Determinism.

By learning and applying Scientology data and by using Scientology processes, a person raises his self-determinism, his ability to determine his own existence. Self-determinism is not selfish determinism for self determinism embraces responsibility. Self-determinism is the ability to play one side of a game, it is the ability to act and be cause. By becoming more self-determined, by running ones own life, one can achieve more of ones goals. Achievement can be translated into happiness.

Now I'd like to discuss Wins.

What is a win? A win is getting a goal and doing it.

If someone else gets your goals for you then you won't win much. You can do 10 times as much in an area that you like as you can in one which you dislike.

People who do not set goals cannot win, they do not have any future. Goals imply future time. No goals imply no future. People don't win because they do not set goals or they set unattainable goals giving themselves a loss.

To win, set a goal you can do and do it. Then, set a larger goal.

Society often "forces" one to set higher goals than he could naturally achieve. In order to "keep up" he attempts to do something he can't. This may be the agreed-upon-fact in society, but it is certainly not the way to win.

Winning requires:

1. Awareness and honesty about what you can do. 2. Awareness that it doesn't matter where you are on a gradient scale; it matter very much whether you are going up (winning) or going down (losing). 3. Setting goals you can achieve. 4. Achieving them. 5. Setting new goals. That is all there is to it.

Most people aren't up to this simplicity. Most people have -failed at some time in the past and have decided to quit and not set goals any more. Stuck back in that failure they -just exist without a future, spending the years in front of a TV set. Conservatively speaking, about 90% of the U.S. is in this condition.

 I'd like to talk about Games next.

Games require barriers, freedoms and goals. They may require players or a player.

The game of Life uses the physical universe as a barrier. Matter is a barrier (walls, mountains). Energy is a barrier (electricity, explosions). Space is a barrier (a man in New York can't meet a man in California). Time is a barrier (one can't change yesterday or live tomorrow today).

Each person is in ARC with the physical universe. When he has an accident, that is a physical injury, his ARC with the physical universe drops. By getting the person into communication with the physical universe after he has been hurt, one can often turn the pain and the condition off significantly The best thing to do is to get the person into ARC with you. This is known as an Assist . Anyone can do them without needing to know how they work. I know a number of people who are critical and sceptical of Scientology, but whenever they have a headache turn on, they give themselves an Assist and they like that very much.

An assist takes a person's attention off the loss and puts it on a win.

People have too many barriers because they don't know enough. If they did know, they could predict and win. Here's what usually happens:

Person: ______?/lose ______?/lose ______?/lose ______?/Decision to Quit. 
Time: ---------------------------------------------->

After enough losses a person will decide to quit his external game. Having quit playing an external game, what does he do? Every person has a level of game that he likes to play at - more game than this level will confuse him, less game than this level will cease to hold his interest. This is his level of randomity, the ratio of confusion to order. The ideal state would be to be able to adjust to any level of randomity, but most people, unfortunately, because they have Reactive Minds, are stuck at one level. To maintain this level after they have quit playing an external, objective game out in life, people will start an internal game, they will start to play a game with themselves.

There are many ways to play a game with oneself because one doesn't want to play or has decided not to play an external game. One can think, think, think; one can explore the realms of the imagination. One can wonder about the pact, one can think about ones friends; one can worry about the future, and so forth.

People that are highly introspective and "reasonable" have already failed in life. There is not enough randomity to hold their interest in the present or there is too much randomity for them to confront. So, they deny themselves from having any exterior game.

People don't allow themselves an external game because they can't have one. They have lost, they have hurt others. They know they will lose, that external games are too unpredictable, so they don't play them.

Where there are too many barriers, that is, too much challenge, too much unpredictability, too many losses, a person is then unable to have or even be.

How to have a game: One must be able to be before one can do before one can have.

Be, Do, Have. In that order.

People are thoroughly mixed up on this sequence. America by having things and doing things is trying to be something. That's backwards. "Playing the role" to learn something or be something, like going through the motions of a housewife in order to be one, is backwards. Acting beautiful, or glamorous, or charming won't make a person any of these things. Making love without being in love won't advance you towards love. That's backwards. The cycle for games is BE-DO-HAVE. Those are also the components of Experience, but that's not defined in Scientology, but I'll define it here. BE-DO-HAVE make up a triangle known as Experience.

This is a bit obvious that one would have to be before one could do, and then one would have to do in order to have. Scientology enables a person to be and increases his ability to do by raising his awareness and prediction. He is then able to have.

Play a game that you can be in, you can do in, so you can have in, in other words, pick an agreeable gradient where you can comfortably be on. If it is being 20 feet from the opposite sex, well fine, do that. Then try 19 feet. Give yourself wins, so you can have things that are predictable. Give yourself wins by picking predictable things. Gradiently increase your ability to have a game.

In society, unfortunately, people play unpredictable games "by ear", people try to find love by doing, people set high goals that they can't handle or have, and are unwilling to play a small game that they can have and handle. It is the idea that keeping up with the lavish, uncontrolled and overwhelmed Jones's is something important. In processing, a girl who had been sleeping with everyone in a frantic effort to "find love", discovered that her level of being, doing and having was that of a mild kiss - anything beyond that was beyond her having it. By playing a game she could have and increasing her game, she can now be and live. She isn't jumping gradients because of the Jones's. She is now satisfied and happy which is more than one can say for the Jones's that she was trying to imitate.

Next I'd like to talk about something that is grossly misunderstood inside and outside of Scientology, crudely called karma, and defined in Scientology as the Overt-Motivator Sequence.

Overt Act:	An action or non-action that harms another dynamic and is - justified. Example: you hurt someone by hitting them because they hit you. Your hitting them is the overt act and the - because they hit you is the justification.
Motivator:	(justification) An act received from any dynamic and considered harmful, and is a justifier to commit overt acts.

Man is basically good. When he harms another, he cuts down his own survival because of this. If you commit overt acts, that is, hurt other people, then they will hurt you. Kids actually do this. After Bill has hit Tom, he holds out his hand and asks Tom to hit him back so everything will be all right.

Why do we hurt other people and what happens when we do?

Here's the sequence:

This sequence is always present wherever anyone has withdrawn from any area in life because he "didn't like it anymore", or "couldn't handle it". This why people quit school, get divorces, move away from home and in many cases, die. Man is basically good and if he has been hurting others around him, he will leave those people so he won't hurt them anymore. This sequence is always present when a person is highly critical of someone. He either has overts on that person or someone that is like him.

This sequence is always present if a person has withholds, that is, doesn't like to talk about various things. There are always overts if a person is justifying, in other words using "because" and explaining why he has done what he has done. So, an indication of any part of this sequence means that all other parts of the sequence have occurred. Motivators, justifications, withholds, criticism or withdrawal always indicate the existence of overt acts.

A person will continue pulling motivators, in other words, bad things happening to him, "bad luck", as long as the overt is left unconfronted, as long as the person refuses to take responsibility for what he has done.

People spend a fantastic amount of time justifying, trying to explain away what they have done. These justifications just pull in more overts.

Criticism of other people and other things is a motivator for further overts that they have on that person or thing or on someone or thing associated to that criticized.

An overt is NEVER justified. Confronting and taking responsibility for an overt is the only way of ridding oneself of it. People justify in an attempt to attain a feeling that what they did was OK. People generally degrade and criticize that which they have harmed. If they have harmed it enough, they leave.

This idea that everybody gets what is coming to them is overworked in the areas of literature, movies and religion. Good acts do not justify bad acts.

People are critical of those things in others that are similar to the overts that they have and are committing. Used car salesmen object to Scientology because "it's a racket", beatniks object to Scientology because "it's a personality cult", unemployed people object to Scientology because "it doesn't work", and university professors object to Scientology because "it is just vague, meaningless abstractions".

This is not an overriding, universal law; it's a mechanical sequence which can be processed out of people to where they are no longer subject to it. In other words, there is a senior level of understanding and a person can rise above this treadmill.

I'd like to go into Study now.

One must be present to study. There must be two terminals (you and that you learn from) and space in between them. By present I mean the person and his attention being there, not just his body being there. Beingness precedes doingness. One must be before one can do.

Study follows the communication formula:

One should consider that he can study first, then put his attention into study, and the. put intention into studying.

Study is the activity of understanding (ARC) data and significance's. It is the process of going from a non- comprehension and confusion to (1) the attainment of the ability to duplicate (although most stop here, this is simply mechanical and a mental trick), to (2) the ability to understand and comprehend, to (3) the subjective realization and awareness of knowing, to (4) the ability and willingness to apply and use what one has learned.

The first step is the duplication of data. This is the usual custom, but it is not always necessary in learning. Governments "study" things instead of finding out about them. It is the activity to fill time and delay doingness. The basic thing that is cutting down understanding, study and the ability to act is the Overt-Motivator sequence, that is:

By locating the misunderstood words, one can triple ones ability in the area of study. One needn't do anything but find the words that one has misunderstood and look up their meanings. You just make up a list and look them up.

The bypassed definition (misunderstood word or symbol) occurs right before you lost interest and/or things started going bad. Example: a man gets confused half-way down a page and doesn't want to read anymore. He has bypassed a definition of a word at the top of the page. Looking up the definition of that word will order the confusion and his interest will return.

Bypassed definitions in an area similar to that you are now studying will confuse you. Example: one is confused about Scientology and has just heard a few things about it, but has already taken a course in Psychology or Indian Philosophy. One has bypassed definitions in these associated areas.

There is a gradient of randomity in study where there is sufficient randomity to hold interest without overwhelming and bypassing the person studying. The length of approach to a subject should be short enough to avoid failure, in other words, make it simple enough so that people understand it and yet long enough to avoid skipping a gradient. Enough should be learned so that the subject is covered thoroughly and in order. Don't start too high on a gradient. Start at a gradient that the person can be at and study at.

Teachers need students present in order to teach them. Not just the body, but the person's attention.

If someone can't learn, he has missed a lower gradient. If studying produces physical reactions, he has missed a lower gradient of study in that subject.

Study is a concentration of certainties, a string of confidences that lead to competencies.

One should teach the student so that he can understand the subject and use and apply it. If a person does not use and apply what he has learned, then he has not really learned it. The responsibility of the student's attainment of a subjective reality is upon the instructor.

I'd like to comment here that non-application of what one has learned indicates that there is something wrong with learning. That particular datum is valid evidence 100% of the time. No one alive, excepting myself and perhaps a few others, have in any way learned or grasped the technology of Scientology because no one else can apply it purely.

Cultures are the result of education.

Dead study has no purpose; live study has a purpose. It can be applied towards a doingness. The relative importance and applicability of the data studied is important. Without application, there is no purpose and one has pedantry instead of study.

School		Education
1. Pedantic		Seldom pedantic
2. Not necessarily concerned		Oriented by application with applicability
3. Pompous		Non-pompous, aware, sincere, natural, dedicated activity
4. Deals with pure significance's		Doesn't concern itself with significance's that are not related to mass.
5. Separates significance's and action		Is concerned with doingness, mass and the reason one engages in doingness (significance).

One could have a school that did not educate, a school which would fail to add mass and doingness to a significance. Too much significance and too little mass or doingness leads to introversion. To teach a man about balls, give him a ball, not its history. The extreme of all mass and doingness and no significance also will lead one to failure in education. The sign of a professional is his ability to do. One doesn't have to have done everything to be a professional. Doingness can be overstressed.

Education should deal with enough significance's to handle a significant future.

Education should be an activity of relaying an idea or an action from one being to another in such a way as not to stultify or inhibit the use thereof. One should allow the other fellow the right to think and develop on the subject, in other words, to where he comes up to judgement, his own ability to judge and know and apply the subject becomes available.

Scientology developed this and the technology of study so that the initial experiences of teaching and de-abberating the very ignorant could be handled smoother and quicker in their advance through the gradient levels of Scientology towards truth, and applied it in some instances 1964 - 1974 in some of their churches.

The next area I'd like to look at in study is sociological history.

Civilizations rise and fall. Civilizations and their cultures fall partly because they lose their technologies. They lose their technologies because people don't study technologies and can't study technologies. People can't study because they don't know how to study. There have been no technologies for education. Until now there has been no technology of study.

One of the reasons you quit studying is that you study false things. Another thing is that there is an absence of judgment or evaluation. People think that duplication alone is study. If is simply a mechanical step, mental feat. Duplication without sense is deadly. Duplication is not the way to study. The world's chaos is the result of these mental feats, training minds instead of people. The world is desperately deficient in educated people. Study has nothing to do with mental feats; it is concerned with people, not their minds. Study has to do with understanding, with another person's willingness to know.

A person can't learn if he doesn't see that he doesn't know, if he - already knows about it. A person who doesn't recognize their own ignorance can only pretend to study.

Before you can study, you must consider and be aware that THERE IS SOMETHING HERE TO LEARN. Ones lack of understanding and inability to study leads to fixed slavishness to things and fixed opinions to safeguard oneself. Fixed ideas and prejudices are based on ones inability to understand.

If a person knows his subject, he won't be the victim of every little bump in his way. Conditions won't monitor whether a person attains results. (I could not stress the last two sentences enough. Those two sentences are the keys to godhood.)

General problems that people have that prevent their learning:

You see, only after acquiring the freedom of knowing what you do and don't know about a subject do and don't know about a subject can you acquire judgment.

Tackle the words before you tackle the subject. Never leave a word behind in studying.

Care has no relation to speed. Time is an individual consideration and is highly subjective.

Familiarity with the subject is attained after gaining a familiarity with the words.

I'd like to now briefly discuss Scientology Processing as an overview.

Scientology processing is the application of a precise technology based on principles about communication, the human mind and life, in which one person (an auditor) aids and listens to another person to "clear" that person of confusions. It enables the person being cleared (a pre-clear) to increase his ability to be, live, perceive, experience, understand and act by freeing his attention from confusions. It can be applied at any gradient of awareness and through it a person can solve his difficulties in life and thought.

The goal of processing is to bring a person closer to the state of "clear" where he ceases to act irrationally (re-act), is total cause over his existence if he chooses to be, and can handle anything that he is confronted with.

Clears have fewer problems, better health, higher IQs, higher perception, quicker reaction time, are more stable, more oriented and have better personalities by traditional standards. They are highly individualistic. The state of clear is in no way an absolute, it is a subjective and objective, obtainable and attainable reality.

The next area I'd like to take up here is some data that has been sensationalised by the press.

The press and the public occasionally confuse and sensationalize practically any significant event that occurs and Scientology has been to some degree a significant event.

The facts are that:

1.	Dianetics was a million selling book explaining the human mind and has been a psychotherapy that embraces the first four dynamics, in other words, self, sex, family, groups and mankind.
2.	The Hubbard Electrometer (E-meter) is an electronic device for measuring the state and change of state of humans. It is about the size of a cigar box and is used in processing to measure masses surrounding the human body and thus locate areas of confusion. It measures unconscious and pre-conscious data. It works, in fact, it always works. The use of an E-meter is a precise skill. A trained operator can find out anything with it. It operates by measuring body resistance and changes in body resistance which is monitored by the energy mass (usually having significance's attached) in the pre-clear's reactive mind (an individual universe of matter, energy, space and time which surrounds and passes through the body).
3.	Past lives and pre-natal memory. Pre-natal memory is excessively validated in Dianetic research. The validity of past life phenomena is observed uniformly in Scientology processing, however, the present life is probably the most important life to the pre-clear, although the chances of him viewing it that way are minute. Objectively speaking, the life one is living is the most important one, but most people are living it from another life point of view, unbeknownst to them.
4.	Scientology as a Religion. It probably was one from 1954 to 1969. During those years, it dealt with man as an immortal soul and as a being, and operated off some degree of religious philosophy, tenets, some degree of religious, philosophic tenets. The supposed realm of Scientology is that of religious wisdom, not of religious practice. Its church creed states that "all men have inalienable right to their own religious practice and their performance".

After 1969 the majority of the actions of the church were to deny that previous part of the church creed with the introduction of something known as the Sea Org which is a para-military organization of excessively dedicated individuals, preoccupied with a power struggle against governments. Scientology as a religion during the 1954 through 1969 period did not condone or adhere to any form of belief. It was concerned with Knowingness, Certainty and Awareness. Thus Scientology, in its purest form, embraced all religions; a person's religious beliefs and practices were his own business.

Likewise, there was no political affiliations of Scientology during the 1954 to 1969 period. During those years, Scientology asserted a desire to maintain a society in which it could operate from and had a number of suggested plans for world peace.

The next thing I'd like to take up is the definitions and words. Before we can understand the technology or study the technology of Scientology one must know the meanings of the words and we will be taking that up in very exact detail quite soon. I'd like to clear up the majority of the important words that you will need to understand to where you can follow along. So, this is a definition sheet:

Affinity - is a consideration of distance.

Chaos - all points in motion, no points fixed.

Effort - the physical force manifestation of motion.

Energy - postulated particles in space; condensed space.

Environment, objective - the environment everyone agrees is there.

Environment, subjective - the environment the individual himself believes is there and it is not necessarily agreed upon.

Facsimile - an energy recording of a finite period of time which can contain all perceptions; a mental image picture.

Gradient scale - a scale of differences between zero and infinity.

Matter - grouped particles in space,

Randomity - the ratio of unpredicted motion to predicted motion.

Reality - the agreed upon apparency of existence.

Space - a viewpoint of dimension.

Time - a postulate that space and particles will persist.

Stable datum - a datum, not necessarily factual, which an individual uses to align a confusion.

Responsibility - willingness to be cause and willingness to confront.

Intelligence - the ability to perceive, pose and resolve problems, and to create solutions.

Work - activity with a purpose.

Happiness - the overcoming of known or not unknown obstacles towards a known goal and also the contemplation or indulgence in pleasure.

The next 200 definitions of Scientology words and concepts are not in alphabetical order but should probably be studied and learned in the order that they are presented.

Missed withhold - an undisclosed contra-survival act which has been restimulated by another and/but not disclosed.

Withhold - an undisclosed contra-survival act,

ARC break - the assignment of responsibility for a sudden drop in affinity, reality or communication.

Clearing - a qualitative return of confidence in self, not a quantitative erasure or handling of bank (reactive mind).

As-is-ness - the condition of immediate creation without persistence and is the condition of existence which exists at the moment of creation and the moment of destruction and is different from other considerations in that it does not contain survival.

Alter-is-ness - the consideration which introduces change, and therefore time and persistence into an As-is-ness to obtain persistency.

Is-ness - an apparency of existence brought about by the continuous alteration of an As-is-ness. This is called, when agreed upon, Reality.

Not-is-ness - the effort to handle Is-ness by reducing its condition through the use of force. It is an apparency and cannot entirely vanquish an Is-ness.

Reality - the agreed upon apparency of existence.

Stupidity - the unknowness of consideration.

Truth - an exact consideration.

Barrier - a consideration or idea that limits other considerations or ideas. This, of course, includes emotional and physical universe barriers.

Blanketing - this is an incident consisting of throwing oneself as a thetan (spirit) over another thetan or over a MEST (matter, energy, space and time) body. Blanketing is done to obtain an emotional impact or even to kill. It is strongest in sexual incidents where the thetan throws two MEST bodies together in the sexual act in order to experience their emotions. This sexual lust comes from the Halver. (The Halver was an incident of being split in half supposedly.). The fullest effect - MEST itself.

Chain - a series of similar engrams, similar locks, similar secondaries or anything going backwards or forward in time filed in the mind.

CDEI scale - (Curious-Desire-Enforce-Inhibit) a scale upon which life exists and proceeds.

Delusion - things not of ones own creation or of the MEST universe which locate one in time and/or space.

Dimension points - the first action of beingness is to extend from the viewpoint points to view, which are dimension points.

Dirty Needle - that erratic agitation of the needle on an E-meter which covers less that 1 inch of an E-meter dial and tends to be persistent.

Enmest - MEST that has been enturbulated by entheta or crushed too hard into theta and thus rendered less usable.

Entheta - theta which is enturbulated with MEST in an inharmonious combination.

Ethics - rationality towards the highest level of survival of the dynamics.

Evaluation of data - a datum is as understood as it can be related to other data.

Exteriorize - the act of moving the thetan outside the body Time - a postulate that space and particles will persist, however, a better definition is; a consistency of viewpoint of the interaction of dimension points.

Figure-figure-figure - after a thetan (spirit) has been unable to separate himself from a group or object for a considerable length of time he begins to believe that whatever it is, it is something which he must have. He will then figure-figure-figure a reason why he has this object. A person who is firmly convinced that he is a body and is therefore being a body always has to have a reason for a significance. Hence, we get figure-figure-figure. Given a fact, there must be other facts. And in this wise, we get somethingness added to greater somethingness.

Freedom - ability to create and position energy and/or matter in time and space.

Future - on the time track, that area later than present time; perception of the future is postulated as a possibility. The creation of future realities through imagination is a recognized function.

Game - a game consists of freedoms, barriers and purposes. Life can be viewed as a game. It may contain a player or players, a playing field and a weenie, that is, an object to be obtained.

Happiness - could be defined as the overcoming of obstacles towards a desirable goal.

Habit - a stimulus-response mechanism similar to the training pattern but set up by the reactive mind out of the content of engrams. It cannot be changed at will by the analytical mind.

Havingness - the ability to duplicate which can be and is decreased by a person having withholds. Also, it is the concept of being able to reach. One does engage in action in order to have (futurity, time oriented).

Illusion - any idea, space, energy, object or time concept which one creates himself.

Insanity - an unknowing games condition. (Games condition is defined as a game where there are winners and losers. )

Intelligence - the ability to perceive, pose and resolve problems.

Invalidation - a word or action that casts doubt on or denies the truth of a person's thoughts, actions  or perceptions.

Worry - contradictory engram commands which cannot be computed,

Lambda - symbol for the living organism.

Lie - a second postulate, statement or condition designed to mask a primary postulate which is permitted to remain.

Man - thetan, genetic entity (that spirit which runs the body), the somatic mind (that mind which runs the body), the analytical mind and the reactive mind.

Para-Scientology - that branch of Scientology which exceeds the reality of the individual, in most instances, and that branch which contains the uncertainties of Scientology.

Parts of man - Body, Mind and Soul.

The Past - on the time track, everything earlier than present time.

Perception - any means of communication below the level of knowingness.

Pleasure - action towards obtaining the procurement of survival,

Present Time (PT) - a response to the continuous rhythm of the physical universe resulting in a hereness and a nowness.

Problem - two or more purposes in opposition

Scientology - the science of how to change conditions, The science of knowing how to know answers.

Viewpoint - a point from which to view, The first consideration of a thetan in creation is the assumption  of a viewpoint from which to view that created

Symbol - anything having mass, meaning and mobility.

Theta - the only known static (Life). (There may be more than one.)

Thinkingness - the potential of considering.

Truth, ultimate - a static.

Recall - the re-experiencing of the perceptions of past incidents.

Postulate - a decision regarding a state of beingness.

Psychotic - a person completely out of present time and out of agreement with his environment and those around him.

Randomity - the ration of unpredicted motion to predicted motion.

Organism - a physical manifestation of Life; a material form organised and controlled by theta

MEST - matter, energy, space and time

Matter - grouped particles of energy located in a relatively stable relationship to one another.

Effort - force with direction. A physical effort in the MEST universe.

Energy - postulated particles in space.

"I" - the thetan, the centre of awareness, that part of the total organism that is fundamental cause.

Dichotomy - a pair of opposites such as black-white, good- evil, love- hate. Consideration - the highest capability of life, taking rank over the mechanics of space, energy and time.

Charge - energy being held in present time in relation to an incident or chain of incidents.

Analytical mind - that part of a person's thinking machinery and memories over which he has relatively full control.

Aberration - a sub-optimum or other-determined condition or consideration which a person is unable to change at will.

Culture - the pattern (if any) of life in the society. All factors of the etc., whether economic, society, social, educational, creative or destructive. The culture might be said to be the theta body of the society.

Anchor point - anything from which to view or perceive, and also defines spaces, masses and particles.

Assessment - an inventory, an examination, a calculation or evaluation of a pre-clear.

Automaticity - anything that the thetan perceives or not, and is not under his direct control.

Cause - origin or source; can also be a source-point.

Chaos - all points in motion, no points fixed.

Circuit - a pseudo-personality out of a facsimile strong enough to dictate to the individual and to become identified with the individual.

Communication - the consideration and action of impelling an impulse or particle from a source-point across a distance to a receipt- point, with the intention of bringing into being at the receipt point a duplication of that which emanated from the source point.

Communication Lag (Comm.-Lag) - the time intervening between the posing of a question or a command and the exact answer to that question or the exact execution of that command.

Consideration - a continuing postulate, not necessarily ones own.

DED - an act done to any dynamic and considered harmful with no justification for the act.

DEDEX - an act done to any dynamic and considered harmful with the justification for the act attempted to be placed after the act.

Dimension point - anything which defines dimensions.

Dynamic - the central drive of an individual.

Effect - receipt-point.

Effort - the physical force manifestation of motion.

Implosion - particles going towards a common center.

Energy - postulated particles in space, condensed space.

Engram - an energy recording of a finite period of time, containing pain and unconsciousness, with a real or imaginary threat to survival, and containing command value, and containing a compulsory exteriorization.

Environment - the surroundings of a person from moment to moment, in particular or general; anything he perceives or believes he perceives.

Environment, objective - the environment everybody agrees is there.

Environment, subjective - the environment the individual himself believes is there and not necessarily agreed upon.

Explosion - particles going away from a common centre.

Five-way bracket - you for yourself; you for another; another for himself; another for you; others for others.

Gradient scale - scale of differences from zero to infinite

Havingness - the ability to accept, reject and permit to remain masses, spaces and particles.

Lock - an incident of greater or lesser enturbulance of theta which approximates the perceptics of an engram
or chain of engrams, and therefore becomes trapped due to the physical pain recorded in the engram and remains an encystment of theta.

Perfect Duplication - an additional creation of an object, its energy and space, in its own time, using its own energy.

Postulate - a conclusion, decision or resolution made by the individual himself, on his own self-determinism on data of the past or present, known or unknown. It is made upon the evaluation of data and/or perception of the individual or an impulse without data or perception. It is a conclusion, decision or resolution deciding on problems, solutions or observations in the present or past or sets a pattern for the future.

Psychotic, computing - one who is running on a circuit.

Psychotic, dramatizing - one who dramatizes one type of engram or facsimile and continually plays one engram or facsimile.

Psychotic - a person completely out of present time and out of agreement with his environment and those around him.

Secondary - a lock of such magnitude that it must be run as an engram; a lock of great magnitude and entheta, but not an engram.

Service Facsimile - a non-survival situation contained in a facsimile which is called into action by the individual to explain his failures; the non-survival action is considered by the individual to be the optimum way to survive; it is the pattern which is the chronic psychosomatic or mental illness of the individual; it is complete with all perceptions.

Straightwire - the action of creating a straight line of communication between the individual and his past, and the environment and people around him in present time.

Thetan - awareness of awareness unit and/or energy production unit.

Cycle of action, actual - create, create-create-create, create-counter create, no creation, nothingness.

Invalidation - All thought, emotion or effort or action which overcomes the freedom of choice of the individual.

Evaluation - any attempt by the auditor to impose his stable datum or another stable datum upon the preclear. It is also an attempt to locate another in space and time.

Ridge - a mass of particles held in suspension and is caused by two opposing forces.

Present Time - the agreed upon position of particles that form the MEST universe at any given instant for that instant.

Communication Bridge - an application of two-way communication to minimise the potential effect of a change of process, command or location during an auditing session.

Communication Terminal - any terminal that is used for communication purposes.

Stable Datum - a datum, not necessarily factual, which an individual uses to align a confusion.

Confusion - an unpredicted mass of particles; many points in motion and only a few points fixed.

Responsibility - willingness to be cause and willingness to confront.

Blame - the assignment of responsibility with the consideration of wrongness.

Reactive Mind - that portion of the mind which files and retains physical pain and painful emotion, and counter-emotion, counter - effort and counter-thought, and seeks to direct the organism solely on a stimulus-response basis by using the above types of facsimiles to survive with and to align data. It thinks only in identities; it has no differential ability.

Analytical Mind - that portion of the mind which receives and retains experience data to compose and resolve problems and direct the organism along the 8 dynamics. It has differential ability and can think in similarities. It solves problems not by facsimiles in total, but by present time perception also.

Altitude - the trust and confidence a preclear has in his auditor, and also to the degree that he respects the
auditor and his judgment and is willing to follow directions of the auditor.

Occlusion - the part of the person's memories that are hidden on the track and are at the moment unknown to
him but have previously been known.

Necessity Level - this is a person's ability to key out his Service Facsimiles and to cease using the reactive bank for short periods of time when there is an immediate and ominous threat to his survival or the survival of others around him.

Tone Scale - a gradient scale of survival.

Tone - a person's ability to handle his Reactive Mind.

Axiom - a statement of a self-evident truth; an established principle which is universally received.

Ally - a person from whom sympathy came when the preclear was ill or injured.

Counter-effort - the force which counters ones own survival. Counter effort is an effort for which you do not accept responsibility.

Emotional Curve - any drop on the Tone Scale from above 2.5 to apathy and can occur within seconds, minutes or hours; also, a sudden rise of that magnitude.

Result - to proceed, spring or arise as a consequence, effect, or a conclusion. terminate, end or effect.

Production - the creation of utility, to cause to have existence or to happen; making, yielding.

Activity - liveliness, agility, physical motion or exercise of force.

Prediction - forecast, prophecy.

Body - the physical organism

Adjustment - functional and often transitory alteration, adaptation.

Energy - the imaginative or effective force (effective in work), vitality.

Enlightenment - the state of being in harmony with the laws of the universe, the realisation of ultimate universal truth.

Grouper - words or phrases in an engram or lock which collapse the time track bringing similar incidents together.

Valence Shifter - any phrase received during a moment of unconsciousness that causes the individual to shift into an identity not his own.

Clearing - the process or activity of raising the self- determinism of the individual by removing his confusions,

Realisation - -to become real, the process of changing from imaginary to actual, the regaining of a
previous awareness.

Power - the ability to compel obedience, to be able, a position of ascendancy, capable of acting and producing an effect.

Purposes - an end or aim to be kept in view, resolution, determination.

Ability - proficiency, competence, to be able.

Review - to look over with the intention of improvement.

Understanding - Affinity, Reality, Communication; a gradient means by which theta survives in MEST.

Orientation - the act of determining ones bearings or setting ones sense of direction. Familiarisation, awareness of the existing situation which reference to time, place, form and event and identity of persons.

Perception - the act of taking possession, power of apprehension, direct or intuitive recognition, appreciation, insight, that upon which a being engages with other beings and MEST.

Communication (redefinition) - the movement of a particle from a source point to a receipt point with the other beings and MEST.

Communication (redefinition) - the movement of a particle from a source point to a receipt point with the intention of the communication being duplicated at the receipt point.

Recognition - knowing or feeling that a certain object has been seen before. To perceive something previously known, to acknowledge.

Help - assistance, aid, the furthering of survival for an entity or entities. To give support to. Remedy, cure, relieve, save, extricate, benefit, promote, mend, prevent. Awareness of a responsible action that promotes survival.

Hope - to cherish or desire with expectations, to place confidence or trust in, desire, trust, reliance. Awareness of an expectation of a better future.

Demand for Improvement - an insistence or firm declaration for betterment, gain or increase. Awareness of a  reach for betterment.

Need of Change - the necessity and obligation of alteration, modification, conversion, or transformation.  Awareness of a desire for a difference.

Fear of Worsening - the attempt to go, the distress, dread, anticipation of decline, degradation, reduction.  Awareness that more things (quantity) could get worse.

Effect - receipt, other-determined, uncontrolled, the person being a result of his environment. Awareness of a being that something else has brought it about.

Ruin - falling down, decay, collapse. Awareness of having fallen down.

Despair - to lose hope utterly, to give up expectation, domination by feelings of hopelessness. Awareness of being without hope.

Suffering - submission to affliction, pain, loss, distress, or hardship. Awareness of bearing up or being forced to endure. Awareness of pain in the past and the future.

Numbness - reduced sensibility to touch, perception, or emotion. A stupor. Awareness of emotion or sensation being taken away.

Introversion - continually looking in instead of looking out Awareness of things or happenings applying only to oneself.

Disaster - calamity, catastrophe, cataclysm. Awareness of a sudden unwanted happening caused by an other- determinism.

Inactuality - unactual, unfactual, or unreal. Awareness of misinterpretation of what is.

Delusion - misleading of the mind, abnormal mental state, false belief, or persistent error in perception. Awareness of the misinterpretation of beliefs.

Hysteria - conduct exhibiting unmanageable fear or emotional distress. Awareness of rapid evacuation
of the body.

Shock - a state of profound depression of the vital processes, mental dullness. Awareness of too much impact,

Catatonia - negativism, muticim, catalepsy, underlying thinking disorder, accompanied by hallucinations and delusions of omnipotence and occasioned by a state of violence. Awareness of negatives only, no sensation, false all-power and rare violence striking back.

Oblivion - an act of forgetting, forgetfulness, being forgotten. Awareness of something being in the way of awareness.

Detachment - separatism, unworldliness. Awareness of portions from a larger mass or whole and being separate from them.

Duality - doubleness, being dual, made up of two elements. Awareness of the condition of two-ness (no gradient here).

Secrecy - mystery, the habit of keeping secrets, seclusion. Awareness of the state of being hidden.

Hallucination - perceptions of objects with no reality. A state of completely unfounded and mistaken impressions or motions. Awareness of misinterpretation of the senses.

Sadism - the infliction of pain upon a love object as a means of obtaining sexual release. Delight in physical or mental cruelty. Obtaining pleasure through the observation of the suffering of another. Awareness of pleasure in others abuse.

Masochism - awareness of the direction of aggressive, destructive tendencies towards oneself. Gratification
 through identification (self-caused pain). Awareness of pleasure in being abused by oneself or others.

Elation - self-exaltation, vain glory. Awareness of being picked up or lifted up by other-determinism.

Glee - high-spirited joy accompanied by exuberant outward display over others' misfortunes or failures. Awareness of uncontrolled joy.

Work - activity with purpose.

Fixidity - the state of being fixed. Awareness of being fastened.

Erosion - disintegration or destruction of the surface substance. Awareness of destruction by slow degrees.

Dispersal - the result of going different ways. Being scattered. Awareness of being scattered in random directions all at the same time.

Disassociation - to detach or terminate association. Awareness of detachment from close proximity.

Criminality - the act or state of being seriously offensive and guilty of a crime. Awareness of continued violations of known laws.

Uncausing - simply not causing. Awareness of nothing brings about anything.

Disconnection - the act of severing the connection between, detaching. Awareness of severing the connection of or between something.

Unexistence - absence, non-existence, not-ising is-ness. Awareness that there is no awareness of anything existing.

Chance - awareness that mathematical probabilities determine events.

Fate - awareness that sub-awareness agreements control the outcome of random events.

Destiny - awareness that sub-awareness agreements control individuals and events.

Luck - awareness that random mathematical probabilities, regarding matter, energy, space and time blended with sub-awareness agreements determine events.

Fortune - awareness that favourable conditions and events occur on a predetermined or encoded or accidental pattern or fashion.

Love - although there are probably eighteen different definitions because the Greeks had eighteen words for this, as an awareness level, it is an awareness level of identification affinity, harmonics of recognition, harmonics of co-existence and mutual beingness as a substitute for comprehension in many instances, particularly, if it's a chronic awareness level.

Self - awareness of only oneself.

Ideas - awareness only of ideas.

People - as an awareness level, awareness only of people. Things - as an awareness level, awareness only of things.

Groups - as an awareness level, the only awareness is of that of a group.

Money - awareness of symbolic measurements of effort and/ or criminality from past havingness.

Survival - awareness of conflict, death probabilities and inescapability. A non-awareness of non-games conditions and an excessive awareness of persistency's in a game containing a high degree of persistency's.

Evil - as an awareness level, awareness of destruction only.

Religion - as an awareness level, awareness of belief, other determinism and severe overwhelm, banding together out of fear and escapism in the individual's final attempt to maintain stability after unduplicatible impacts or losses.

So, these words having been cleared, I'd like to take up the subject of auditing which is the actual Scientology processing for the improvement of the person.

The ability to do auditing is broken down to five areas. Under "gross auditing errors" you find listed the five major areas of auditing. On a tape and bulletin entitled -Out- Tech (September, 1965) it lists the five areas of auditing and in the ethics codes of Scientology it lists that there are only five high crimes as far as applying the technology.

No one in the Church has apparently taken any significant note of this. 100% of their attention is on the crimes, which are nuances, misdemeanours and details involving auditing. If you commit a misdemeanour, you get frowned upon by the Church; if you commit crimes, you have to do a little retrain cycle in an afternoon (which is entitled a Cramming Action where you study the little point that you erred on); but if you commit a high crime, they are supposed to throw you out of the Church and cancel your certificates. The latter doesn't happen. Since 100% of the Church is obsessed with playing with crimes and misdemeanours, they don't ever notice high crimes, or do anything about high crimes, and unfortunately commit them 100% of the time. There is no evidence within any of the churches files that the five fundamentals of auditing were ever, in any instance, by any individual, applied.

The first of the five fundamentals is the communication formula, (these are also known as training routines) TR-0 is being there, not doing anything but being there, TR-1 is the ability to communicate naturally to another person to where he receives the communication. TR-2 is acknowledging a communication which completes it to where the communication no longer exists for either of you, you have moved along in time. TR-3 is the ability to repeat a question until it is completely answered. TR-4 involves ignoring comments which is where the bank has taken over an individual, getting all the person's origination understood and clarified to where their attention can come back to the process. So, the first fundamental in auditing is using a communication formula and an auditing communication cycle; understanding that this is cyclic and using the formula in auditing.

The second fundamental, a simply area in auditing, is using a repetitive communication formula, in other words, asking the same question over and over until it is not producing change anymore, in other words, using a repetitive communication cycle. This is also known as flattening a process. There is no evidence of this being done to any great extent within any of the churches or outside of my own investigation and research.

The third area is getting and keeping a preclear in an auditing session. This simply means getting and keeping a preclear in an auditing session, nothing more to it than that. In other words, one has preclears, they arrive. I think getting one is kind of a step down. They should come to ones doorstep on ones knees if you're doing the first two. If you're actually using a communication formula on a preclear and flattening questions there is no question that they are going to be sending in everyone they know. Getting preclears is never a problem if you do the first two things.

The churches' solution to getting a preclear is promising the world to them and as far as keeping a preclear they do it with intimidation.

Keeping a preclear is handled by the second area of flattening questions. If you flatten a question, a person will finally find the truth and there is no problem in keeping a preclear then. If they are finding truth, the only keeping that will be done is that you are going to have to keep them away to where you have some time for yourself or time for other preclears.

There are rare occasions, I'd say 1 out of 2000, where you would actually have to use a communication bridge to encourage a preclear to continue their particular endeavour. I'd strongly recommend an auditor not doing that, I'd recommend an auditor clearing up why the preclear has any degree of doubt or reservation about his own self-discovery. So, getting and keeping a preclear is practically an unnecessary action, but it is printed within the technology of Scientology that it is a necessary action. It is a high crime not to get and keep PC's. Personally, I find it absolutely impossible not to have preclears and I have found it unnecessary to keep them. They keep themselves around and they arrive on their own volition.

The fourth simple area of auditing is knowing how to use an E-meter correctly and we will be taking each these areas up in detail later. This is a skill which you could probably train into any monkey or dog, but people make it far more complicated than it is. It is a trainable skill which if a person is highly intelligent or highly confused, they could take up to six months learning how to do it. (I was both 20 years ago and it took that long.) An average individual, properly taught, can learn how to use an E-meter in, after they have been processed up to the Solo Course area, about 3 days time. It takes about 20 hours to train the skill in.

A person walking in off the street that hasn't had any processing, it would take them about six months because people coming in off the street can't understand or comprehend or believe the simplicity that if a needle moves at the end of a question then you should do something regarding that question. You should run the process. If it doesn't move, well then you don't run the process. So, the ability to use an E-meter is the fourth area.

The fifth area is probably the most lengthy, complex and turns into an albatross for a lot of people: that is the ability to apply the written materials of the technology of Scientology, as far as what process to run, what to do in the session, and so forth.

So, the first four make up what is known as your basic auditing skills and you could apply these to anyone and use practically any question on them and they would probably get better on a short-term, limited basis and if you apply the fifth area well, they are just going to have the time of their life. At the very least, it will exceed their expectations and imagination both of which are determined by the reactive mind. You are doing something that is senior to the reactive mind so it's got to be better than anything they imagined it to be.

Likewise, in these fourth and fifth areas there is no evidence of any ability to read an E-meter or apply the written materials within the church, historically or presently.

So, what I'd like to do is take up in a less than abbreviated fashion what these five skills are. In driving a car you have to know how to handle the gears and the steering wheel and the brakes and the accelerator, turn signals, instruments and rules of the road; you have about seven things to watch for there and you learn each one them separately, then you start to blend them in and pretty soon driving a car is pretty easy. In auditing, you have about the same number of factors because you have these five factors of the (1) communication formula, (2) repetitive communication formula, (3) getting and keeping PC's, (4) the E-meter and (5) applying written materials. You have two other factors in the session which will be that the preclear as a spiritual being and the preclear as bank.

One final factor is you are keeping adequate administration, in other words, paperwork. So, it gives you seven or eight factors to work with in auditing. The analogy to driving a car is quite appropriate because as one gets better at each of these skills, it becomes more and more natural and more and more easy. If a person understands these five skills, well the overall activity of auditing is too simple to believe. It actually turns out to be a great pleasure, at times an amusement and eventually as natural as rain.

So, first of all let's take up training routines which are necessary part for good auditing.

The first one is TR-0. This is a drill where the student and the coach sit apart from each other and the student is coached to simply be there comfortably and confront, not do anything but be there. One is coached on that until one can simply be there. After you can do that, then the coach starts saying things which would normally upset one from being there and flattens those things off to where a person can be there regardless of what one has to confront. One uses this skill in auditing of simply being there with a preclear.

TR-1: one simply communicates in a natural tone of voice and intends the communication to arrive over the space of the preclear and the preclear gets it.

TR-2 is acknowledgements. This is where the coach reads a line out of a book and the student acknowledges it to where the communication is complete. The comm. cycle is complete to where it is the end of that cycle of action. So, an acknowledgement is taught not as an agreement but simply that it is a method of controlling a preclear's communication and it's a full stop to the communication. One is taught to acknowledge the communication only. One learns not to over acknowledge the preclear to where you blow the whole day away for the preclear; or under acknowledge. If you under acknowledge the preclear it's an encouragement for him to go on. That is known as a half acknowledgement, sometimes it is useful, but generally if you let them ramble and then give them a full acknowledgement, then that ends the communication for them (it's not there anymore).

TR-3 is simply teaching a person to redeliver the command until they get an answer to it. TR-3 also teaches the student to duplicate without variation a command to where they can give it newly in a new unit of time. It teaches the auditor not to ask a second question until you have received an answer to the first one. In other words, you keep asking the question until you get an answer. So, it teaches you how to deliver a question newly in a new unit of time freshly.

TR-4 is called preclear origination's. It teaches you to, if there is an origination, to fully get it all out on the table to where you understand it, and then return the preclear to the process or the question that you were running. If a preclear's bank turns on strongly, starts aiming comments at you or the room, anything that is aimed you would ignore and not acknowledge. Any origination, which would be a non-sequitur answer, you would take up and clarify to where a preclear doesn't have any stuck attention on it and you can return him to session again.

Obviously, these are all highly useful in life, but if you use these four TRs in sessions, auditing just runs like a dream.

There are some upper training routines which are useful in some types of processing. To summarize these TRs: an auditor is trained on TR-0 so that he will be there with the preclear and can comfortably assist the preclear, TR-1 is done so that the preclear can receive and hear the auditor, not be disturbed by the auditor's manner of communicating, TR 2 is done and practiced so that the preclear gets acknowledged and his communication gets recognized and as-ised, TR-3 is done so that the auditor will continue to give the commands and run a process, and TR-4 exists so that a preclear's origination's will be accepted.

The upper TRs are as follows: TR-5 was something that had been deleted from the technology. It was a training routine to teach the auditor that verbal commands are not always necessary in a session. It is kind of ridiculous to train someone in something that obvious but suffice it to say, non-verbal communication does exist, in fact, 88% of what is communicated between people is non-verbal according to the University of Minnesota. One should be highly aware of it when it is going on, it doesn't need to be trained in. TR-6, which is an upper level TR, is simply body control to where you learn to run Start-Change-Stop on another body, just moving it around a room, learning to give the commands. TR-7 is more of the same except the coach is extremely belligerent and tries to upset the student's control. It is sort of an extreme drill because, and it is done on a gradient scale, it is to train an auditor up to where he can handle a rebellious person under any circumstance and can run fine control under any circumstance. It increases the auditor's willingness to handle other people. TR-8 is learning how to deliver a command into an object without any reservation about the command being executed and it breaks up social machinery associated with words. You intend one thing and say another into an ashtray, then yell at the ashtray, then you sit there silently and deliver the intention directly into the ashtray. The best drill is actually a side exercise of placing thoughts and changing thoughts in respect to the ashtray. Properly done, actually one can accomplish physical changes. Twice I was doing the drill asking the ashtray to stand up and twice it stood up with witnesses in 1966. There are three or four other people at times where this has occurred. It requires some hours of work and one gets into very excellent affinity with the molecules of the ashtray. I'll tell you that much about it. TR-9, the final TR, is Tone-40 on a person to where one can communicate with intention to another person without any reservation and getting the intention executed. It is done to bring about in the student auditor the willingness and ability to handle other people and to cheerfully confront other people while you give them commands and run control. It also teaches one to maintain a high level of control in any circumstance no matter what is happening and if you have to use any effort at all, to use it very precisely and kindly, if possible. So, it is sort of a finishing touch.

One practices these TRs until they are comfortable. If you are training them into a student auditor, the proper way to do that is when the TRs are manifest and evident on the person in life after the training, then they have then down cold. If it's an artificial skill that they use only in auditing, then they must not understand that they are dealing with the mechanics of communication and interaction of every day life. The realization of how applicable all of this is beyond description.

If someone calls you and says "I'm going to be coming over for dinner tonight" and you acknowledge the hell out of his communication, he's not going to show. If someone calls up and says they are coming over for dinner and you half- acknowledge it, I'm sure that they will drive over military tanks to get there. That is just one of nine TRs. How you acknowledge and the degree that you acknowledge is going to affect performance.

So, simply stated those are what the TRs are and they should be used. The communication formula which is used in auditing is that one has to recognize that communication cycles are cycles of action which are start change-stops. In auditing there are a number of start, changes and stops and a number of communication cycles.

If you are more interested in the TRs and communication cycles you can read a book called Dianetics Today published under the name of L. Ron Hubbard. Actually it was put together by a guy named Bill. The people who wrote the book summarized some of Hubbard's other stuff to put the book together. They tried to get Hubbard to read it but he just hasn't had the time. A lot of material in there that would really wake him up if he got around to reading it. The communication formula is a number of comm. cycles that occur in auditing and they are listed out complete with pictures in Dianetics Today but, of course, they omit a few.

The parts of an auditing communication cycle are that the auditor checks is the preclear ready to receive the command, that is the first part. The second part is the auditor gives the question or command to the preclear and the third part is the auditor verifying that the preclear got the command. The fourth thing that happens is that the preclear looks at his mind or his bank and that is known as the Itsa maker line. The fifth part that happens is the preclear gets an answer back. The sixth part that happens is he delivers an answer to you. The seventh thing that happens is that you, the auditor, check to see that he said everything. The eighth thing that happens is you acknowledge him and the ninth thing that happens is that you make sure, inspect that he received the acknowledgement The tenth thing that happens is you check to see that he answered the question that you gave him. So, these are the ten parts of an auditing comm. cycle. There are eight parts listed in the Dianetics book. You should be aware that this is what is known as an auditing comm cycle.

You go through as many of these until the process is flat: it is not producing change on the preclear and the preclear has come up to truth on the subject you are auditing him to and on.

When a preclear is in front of you and you are auditing him, he is in communication with you. There is an auditing cycle going on there. He is also in communication with his bank, that is covered under his itsa maker line and his itsa line back, which is his answer from his bank to him and his answer to you. So, there are two comm. cycles going on. There is you to him and him with his bank. There is also a third comm. cycle and that is he is in communication with present time and the room to some degree.

All three of these lines have to be above 2.0 on the Tone Scale for auditing to occur. You had better keep your line with your preclear very high-toned and make sure that there is nothing low-toned about present time or the room with the guy. I guarantee you that the material that is coming across on the itsa maker, itsa and answer back lines to you is going to aberrated and overwhelming and confusing. Since there are essentially those three lines going, if two of them are in a positive range then you can de-enturbulate this material coming across on this third ARC line. I wanted to point out that there are three major lines on a preclear in a session, one with the environment (room and present time), one with the auditor and one with his bank.

The auditing comm. cycle is used on a preclear and it is used repetitively until the process no longer produces change. This is evident by five phenomenon: the communication lag reduces, the guy figures the subject area out, he gets regained ability, he gets cognition's and a free or floating needle appears on the E-meter. One would have to be dumb to miss it. Anyway, when the process is over, it is over. You either move on to a new process, end off the session or take a break or whatever. That is the second area in detail.

Getting and keeping preclears I have already discussed. That occurs the moment you understand how to audit an individual, people start appearing at your door. There is no such thing as understanding the tech perfectly and not being able to get any preclears. I've heard this absurdity. To the degree you understand the tech and audit well, you will have a backlog of people waiting. For decades I have found this to be true. There is just no exception to it. There are too many people out there who want help and auditing and they have some spiritual perspicacity or perception and if you do it well they will certainly find you. You don't ever have to leave your room to find them. You don't even have to ever tell anybody. It will come out. People smell you out spiritually.

The E-meter, which is the fourth area, is pretty well covered in a book called E-Meter Essentials. If one were to buy a copy of that and buy an E meter and buy another book called E-Meter Drills and sit down with a coach and do those particular drills then one could use an E-meter. Since that is covered in detail in the two mentioned books I'm not going to detail it here, but I can give you an overall summary. In the "Appendix", both are summarized.

One reaches and withdraws from an E-meter until you are comfortable and not scared of the thing being there. One learns how to turn it on and off and adjust it and set what is known as a tone arm counter to measure the amount of charge that comes off the preclear during the session. One learns how to check the preclear's havingness by can squeeze and metabolism by having them take a deep breath. One then learns how to record tone arm motion, which is simply keeping the needle on the dial while the preclear is talking. One learns how to adjust the sensitivity knob. You also learn how to test the batteries. One learns how to recognize the difference between body motions, such as coughing and squirming in a chair or squeezing the cans, and motions of thoughts. Each of these are separate skills. It is like driving a car, you learn each separate skill then you blend them all together. One learns how to identify a read and get a preclear to talk about it until the read disappears. That is called cleaning a read off a needle. Then one learns the types of needle reactions and what causes each of them to where a person gains confidence by using an auditing communication cycle and handling any bank. For instance, questioning a loss they can learn how to take a fall off an E-meter; or a rise which could be caused by an ARC break restimulation, they could get a PC to talk about that until the rise would come off the meter; or a betrayal, getting a person to talk about a betrayal which causes a stuck needle, they could see that stuck needle go off the meter, and so forth. Then a person learns actively with a coach all the parts of an auditing comm. cycle, the ones I have listed before. A few are omitted from the drill book but they can be added in. One learns how to dirty a needle and clean a needle. Then one puts this all together and uses bracketed questions and learns how to get a date. The coach writes down a date and the auditor ask questions on the E-meter and the coach says nothing. In a short period of time, the auditor announces what the date is. One learns how to take a list and get a preclear to talk about and find which item on the list would be good to audit by what produces the most tone arm action. One learns how to get a preclear to sit there quietly and simply assess a list and take the largest instant read to where one would know what to audit One also learns some general rules such as, if the TA is moving, do nothing and that is senior to acknowledgements, if the TA is blowing down, moving down and the preclear is finished talking you wait until it has blown down before you acknowledge. If the tone arm isn't moving, then you do something, you start asking questions, find out what is going on to get it moving again. You learn that that which blows the tone arm down will produce tone arm motion. So, basically one learns how to use this tool, the E-meter, through those drills and the definitions are in those two books. Much of this material is also covered in Dianetics Today. I refer the reader to those two books towards practical drilling with an E-meter with a number of coaches to where it is as obvious and as easy and as useful as a screwdriver or a mascara brush.

It's a very simple activity, yet a very precise activity. You may possibly be wrong at times as an auditor and your preclear may be in error at times, but your meter is never wrong. A person should remember that the meter, although it is a guide, is an infallible guide, because you are auditing electronic charge off the being. He may be sitting there holding those cans to get all these meanings straightened out, but your job and what you are doing is getting the concrete off this individual. By concrete, I mean the overwhelming electronic charge that is ruining his existence. If you audit only these things which read well and big, then your preclear will be very well satisfied. I enclose the useful drills from E-Meter Essentials in the Appendix.

So, as far as basic auditing goes, I'd like to keep it this simple. It is that simple. There has been a lot of controversial and conflicting information printed by Mr. Hubbard on this subject, all of which belongs in a trashcan. Probably 90% of his comments on auditing shouldn't even be pursued with much seriousness. If one knows ones communication formula and uses a repetitive comm. formula, he gets questions answered and uses an E- meter and applies these materials in any logical fashion, there shouldn't be any problems.

There are QTPs, which are "questionable tech points", through out the guy's writings. There are many direct contradictions there are over 500 of these QTPs in the Red Tech Volumes. It's almost a shame to even study them.

He's very adamant and cheerful and in a very good mood on a tape and he says don't ever under any circumstance give the next command if the preclear has his eyes off of you and has drifted off, he has really finished his answer, you see. And then Hubbard comes along when he is in a bad mood at another time in 1965 and says that you should toss a new question at him. He put a bulletin out there entitled "Comm. Cycle Additives" where he says you should just follow simple muzzled TR-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 and that's quite true, you should. It gets a bit unnatural to become completely muzzled as you should maintain live communication for that is what causes auditing to occur.

There are also a lot of bulletins on premature acknowledgements. It would be common sense not to chop someone who is talking with an acknowledgement. Also, it is asinine to invalidate a preclear with a meter or to depend on a meter, you are suppose to be asking a preclear and auditing a preclear, not a meter.

Probably the one thing a person should be warned about is a subject called Q & A. That is where you end up copying the preclear's bank instead of doing your job. There are three common types of Q & A. The first type is double questioning. That is where someone gets into asking about an answer. There is a fine line between this and getting a complete auditing communication cycle. The difference on the fine line is the difference between night and day. For instance, if an auditor were to ask "How are you doing?" and the PC says "Pretty bad", the auditor says "What's wrong?", you are kind of letting the preclear drag you all around with it. You would be a little better off if the PC says "Awful" and you say "You are?" and just look at him. Restructuring your questions around the preclear's answers is bad news, it's a Q & A. Inverting their answer to a question is clean handling.

Changing because a preclear changed is the second type of Q & A. Following the PC's instructions is probably the most absurd Q & A. It's the third type. If you actually don't understand something, it's good to get it clarified; but it's not a very healthy habit to state that you don't understand what someone says.

Q & A is probably best defined as a failure to complete a cycle of action on a PC. (A cycle of action could be defined as a start-continue-complete.) To the degree that you Q & A with a preclear, you are going to reduce the auditing gain.

There is a fundamental rule in auditing: what turns it on, turns it off. If a process turns on something pretty wild you can continue the process and it will eventually turn off.

On the subject of an E-meter, since auditing is supposed to be an essentially joyous experience instead of an excruciating one, a read, which is not properly defined anywhere within the technology, except in an obscure bulletin in 1972, is a fall, long fall, or a long fall- blow down (which is a needle motion instantaneously to the right of either 1", 2" or a downward motion of the tone arm .2 of a division as far as respective definitions). In other words, a read is something the PC can confront. If you would call those things reads and not call anything else a read, they you would be better off in auditing.

The exception to this would be doing a process entitle 37R where you are looking for the opposite of reads which are TA blowups, fast rises or sticks. The only other exception to this particular rule is where rock slams and rocket reads take priority over falls, long falls and long fall blow downs, but those occur towards the upper end of the bridge. Sometimes they occur early in auditing a PC and when they do, they take seniority. It is caused by very prominent information, extremely overwhelming information surfacing and should be handled with kid gloves until those reads turn off.

So, what I'd like to do at this time is take up this fifth area of the fundamentals of auditing. We have already covered the TRs, the comm. formula, the repetitive question where one flattens a process, getting and keeping PC's, what you need to know on an E-meter in addition to what is in E-Meter Essentials and the Book of E-Meter Drills.

So, I'd like to take up applying written materials and put forth all of the written materials you will need except where references are furnished by myself to read certain other materials and hopefully that will be few to non-existent, as a fundamental overview on the written materials of Scientology.

So, I'll take it from the top and it may seem like I'm wandering off of one subject to another, stating something again but I'm not, every drop of the rest of this chapter should be crystal clear and well understood before you sit down, if you so choose to do that, and audit another individual. It is also extremely advantageous to know if you are going to be audited by another.

So, here is the written material you need to know. It begins philosophically. Scientology addresses directly the practical solution of men's problems in the broadest possible sense. It is a body of knowledge which when applied by a properly trained Scientologist brings about an improvement in people. Its orientation is practical and its theory and application are specific in a series of well-defined terms and axioms and developments from these. In these senses it bears similarities to other bodies of knowledge both scientific and philosophical. Many of the ideas of Scientology are drawn from these areas, however, the effective organization of these and other ideas in Scientology is somewhat unique. It is perhaps unique also in the effectiveness with which it is able to accomplish these goals.

Scientology is not merely some kind of psychotherapy or academic philosophy, though superficially it has some of the appearances of both. It can best be understood in relationship to its own specific goals or an individual's specific goals rather than through comparisons of similarities or dissimilarities to other disciplines which probably have very different goals.

As has been mentioned, Scientology has practical concern with the solution of men's problems, thus it is also concerned with the development and improvement of an individual's abilities and the development of new abilities in an individual. This improvement and abilities and the consequent solution of problems results in happier, more effective people.

Scientology properly applied wishes to bring people to clearer and clearer states of being. Just as a calculator must be cleared of previous totals and other remnants of previous calculations, so must the mind be cleared of inconsequential buttons and emotionally charged data, otherwise its computations will lack accuracy due to inappropriate data entering into its present computation.

A person who is clear is at willing and knowing cause over his own life, environment and his surroundings without a reactive or subconscious mind. This is a high stated being and one few people measure up to. Many would not dare hope that they could reach such a state, yet it has become a realistic goal and has been achieved. Properly applied, Scientology can produce clears.

Through the application of Scientology technology which is an intricately organized complex of knowledge and observations, the trained auditor uses the TRs, a repetitive communication cycle, an E-meter and approximates what is going on with the PC with his options of written material and removes these emotionally charged areas from the PC.

The cornerstone of Scientology processing is, however, communication. This is a very fundamental human activity. Through communication, we contact our environment both the physical world and other life. It is through communication with the past and present environment that each of us forms our opinions about what really is, what is real and not real, and what is possible and not possible. These opinions have an important effect on the course of our lives, we might contrast the person with a limited environment with a person who has communicated with a wide variety of environments.

A country boy who has never left the country and has had little contact with the more urban elements of our culture most likely has less freedom of choice, for example, in the area of occupation than a well traveled person from the same location as the boy. To the boy having limited communication experiences, only a limited range of jobs seems real to him. He has never really talked about or experienced in any sense many other possibilities. Just as the interior controls of a space capsule, or perhaps even an aeroplane, are outside the experience of some of us and hence unfamiliar to some of us; to that extent they may seem vague and unreal. This is not saying that we necessarily intellectually doubt their existence, but that they may seem unreal in comparison to the controls of the family car and we believe in their existence on the basis of someone else's testimony or logical deduction on our part. We do not know them from direct experience.

This communication broadly defined is responsible for a very important function, the shaping of our notions of the world around us, our own personal reality. Communication also effects our affinities, those things which we are familiar with through communication and thus seem real to us are frequently viewed with more affinity.

A rejection of other ethnic groups than ones own is an example of familiarity bringing about affinity for one set of standards while a lack of communication brings about a lack of affinity for another set of standards. The people with whom we communicate very well become our dearest friends and those with whom we communicate poorly may become, due to our own misunderstanding, unfriendly or even hostile. Areas of thought where we understand or communicate well with the elements of that area are likely to become passionate interests. The mathematician is different from the primary teacher or the composer. It stems from various abilities to communicate with and to various elements in the environment. Thus, communication determines what seems real or clear to us as well as our affinities and motivations.

The importance of the communication process should be recognised. The communication process has been broken down into the ten fundamental component parts in the communication cycle listed here previously. The elements involved in communication can be handled very precisely. This type of precision handling provides an understanding of how communication can be misunderstood and what may result from continued application of poor communication or the lack of communication.

Clarification of communication difficulties in a person's life patterns generally clear up ones activities, business, families and other groups where communication occurs between individuals and its members.

A second concept the auditor should understand in auditing is that of the stable datum. In light of our discussion of communication, the stable datum will help you understand how Scientology processing properly applied brings about beneficial changes.

Imagine a vast confusion of particles all in motion. In order to resolve any such problem or confusion, it is only necessary to be able to predict its component parts. If we can say where any given particle will be at any given time, that particle is no longer a confusion or problem but rather is ordered and predictable. To predict the motion of particles we need to pick a reference point, a point of stability from which to view the other points and around which to order them. This point is the stable datum.

In our solar system, we view the sun as the stationary object or stable datum and the planets as the moving particles which are considered to revolve and are hence oriented around the sun. We are able to predict the orbits of the planets around the sun and are so able to predict their relationships to each other. They become ordered and predictable, are not in confusion and thus, are not a problem. At one time, however, the earth was the stable datum rather than the sun. Astronomers tried to predict the orbits of planets and the sun and the other celestial bodies by using this hypothesis that the earth was static and everything else was revolving around it. For a time the stable datum worked, but observations occurred to the contrary. At first, many rejected reality and tried to cling to the stable datum of authority at that time, which happened to be the Catholic Church. Eventually, this confusing observation became so well explained by new theories and stable data that the sun was finally accepted by all as the center of this planetary system.

Communication through improved means and methods has brought new data which has caused the abandonment of old stable data as it is no longer an effective predictor and the acceptance of a new stable datum which does predict effectively. The stable datum was that the planets and the sun revolve around the earth and the prediction was that there would be certain relationships between the positions of the planets. When these predictions proved false a new stable fact or reality, a new stable datum was needed to account for the confusing observations, yet many people tried to hold onto the old, the accepted, the demonstrably false. They were for some reason not able or willing to communicate with the facts of the situation and change accordingly so as to be better able to predict their environment.

This inability to change stable datum is an important point as we will see. Stable data are a phenomenon of our everyday thoughts. We have certain ideas of reality, codes of behavior, public and private, personal pleasures and fears, etc. They are important whenever we wish to create an effect of any sort, that is, perform any action or make any change for we must know how to do what we want to do if we are to succeed consistently.

If we want to do well consistently in school, business, family life, matters of happiness, or any other area of endeavor, we must understand these areas and know-how to effect and control them to some extent. We must, in short, have ideas about how to go about accomplishing our goals. These ideas predict what action will be effective and what will not. They are statements which attempt to order, to make predictable, to make controllable, to explain the various areas of life experience. They are stable data, they are necessary for real success in any endeavor. As we have seen, it may be that a stable datum does not predict adequately to resolve a confusion. Indeed, if all stable data did predict adequately, everyone would be successful in their endeavors.

Few of us have completely achieved our goals and perhaps even clearly seen our potential goals. This is often due to an individual's attempt to use inadequate stable data which only add more confusion rather than reduce the original confusion. Like the reluctant astronomers of old, we sometimes find it difficult to give up our pet theories even in the fact of contrary evidence. Men can often be observed to rationalize to fantastic lengths to keep intact a belief which they somehow think will protect them from confusion. Sometimes so great is the need for protection from highly threatening problems or confusions, a person cannot take a rational approach to the problem but rather attempts to hold onto the shattered driftwood, the few remains of a defective stable datum crushed by the tidal wave of fact and experience. The drowning man fears to let go of his sticks and swim to land.

An inadequate stable datum, being a poor predictor of reality, is a liability, a barrier rather than an aid to survival. It will produce more confusion rather than more predictability.

It will produce more problems than it will produce any answers.